Vinh, the capital of Nghệ An province, serves as a vital economic and cultural center in North-Central Vietnam. Strategically positioned as a key point in the East–West economic corridor connecting Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam, the city benefits from its location alongside the Lam River and its accessibility via major transportation routes including highways, railroads, boats, and air travel. Vinh International Airport is one of the busiest in Vietnam, facilitating daily flights from several carriers. The city was upgraded to a Grade-I city on September 5, 2008, signifying its importance as one of Vietnam's major urban centers. Its substantial population, approximately 790,000 residents as of 2024, makes it the most populous city in the North Central Coastal region [3].

The historical narrative of Vinh is marked by its significant military and political roles throughout Vietnamese history. Originally known by various names such as Ke Van, Ke Vinh, and Vinh Thi, it officially became Vinh in 1789. The city was once considered a potential capital by the Tây Sơn dynasty due to its strategic location, often seen as a "gateway to the south" [1]. However, Vinh has also endured extensive damage from multiple conflicts, including the First Indochina War and the Vietnam War, which led to the destruction of many historical sites. Its post-war reconstruction was heavily influenced by Soviet and East German urban planning, resulting in wide streets and concrete apartment blocks [5].

• Vinh is the capital of Nghệ An province [1].
• The city serves as a key point in the East–West economic corridor, linking Vietnam with Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos [1].
• As of 2024, Vinh has a population of 790,000 residents, making it the most populous city in the North Central Coastal region [3].
• The total area of Vinh city is 166.22 km² (64.18 sq mi) [1].
• Vinh International Airport is the fifth busiest airport in Vietnam [2].
• The service sector accounts for approximately 55% of Vinh's economy, followed by the industrial sector (30%) and agriculture, forestry, and fishing (15%) [1].
• The city has a tropical monsoon climate bordering on a humid subtropical climate [1].
• Vinh is a major educational hub, ranking as the third-largest education and training center in the Central - Central Highlands region, with 6 universities and 13 colleges [1].
• Notable revolutionary figures, including Ho Chi Minh, were born in or near Vinh [1].

Vinh operates as a provincial city (Class-1) within Vietnam's socialist republic system, which is governed by a single-party led by the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV). The city's administrative structure is part of the broader national political system that extends from central to local levels, including provinces, districts, and communes. Local governance in Vietnam involves People's Councils and People's Committees. People's Councils are elected bodies representing the will of the people at the local level, responsible for socio-economic development plans, budgets, and national defense and security. These councils, in turn, appoint People's Committees, which serve as the executive organs responsible for implementing laws and resolutions from higher state organs and the People's Council itself. The CPV maintains its leadership across all state and socio-political organizations, ensuring that its guidelines and policies are implemented through these administrative bodies [Official Website of Embassy of Vietnam in USA; Vietnam Government Portal].

Vinh's economy is primarily driven by its service sector, which employs around 55% of the working population. This highlights the city's role as a regional hub for commerce and various services. The industrial sector contributes significantly, accounting for approximately 30% of employment, while agriculture, forestry, and fishing make up about 15%. As a critical transportation nexus, Vinh holds a strategic position on the main North-South route of Vietnam, facilitating trade and connectivity across the country. Additionally, its notable port further enhances its economic importance by supporting maritime transport and import-export activities for Nghệ An province and the wider North Central Region. The presence of industrial zones like VSIP, WHAIZ, Nam Cam, Bac Vinh, and Cua Lo further underscores its industrial capacity and potential for economic growth [1].

Vinh boasts a comprehensive infrastructure network that supports its role as a regional hub. Air travel is facilitated by Vinh International Airport, the fifth busiest in Vietnam, offering domestic connections to major cities like Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, and Da Nang. The city is a crucial node in Vietnam's road network, with National Route 1A connecting it North to South, and National Routes 7, 8, and 46 providing links to Laos. Maritime transport is served by Cửa Lò seaport, which has a capacity of 3 million tons per year, and the Vissai seaport, designed to accommodate large vessels. The North–South Railway also has a major station in Vinh, further enhancing rail connectivity. Within the city, extensive bus routes and three main bus stations ensure public transportation. Additionally, Vinh features several industrial zones, including VSIP and WHAIZ, which are vital for economic activities and development [1].