Thai Nguyen (Thái Nguyên) is a significant city in Vietnam, serving as the capital and largest urban center of Thái Nguyên Province. It holds the distinction of being a first-class city and is ranked among the nine largest cities in the country. Situated on the Cầu River, the city is a vital economic, political, and social hub within Vietnam's Northeast region [1, 4].

Historically, Thai Nguyen played a crucial role in Vietnam's independence movements, notably as the site of the Thái Nguyên uprising in 1917, one of the most destructive anti-colonial rebellions of the French Indochina era [1, 9]. The city officially became a city on October 19, 1962, evolving from a smaller township [1]. Beyond its historical importance, Thai Nguyen is globally recognized for its high-quality Tân Cương tea and is home to Vietnam's first steel mill, established in 1959 [1].

• Thai Nguyen is the capital and largest city of Thái Nguyên Province [1].
• It is categorized as a first-class city and is the ninth largest city in Vietnam [1].
• The city covers an area of approximately 170.7 km² (65.9 sq mi) [1].
• As of 2018, the population of Thai Nguyen City was 420,000 people [1].
• Thai Nguyen is renowned for its high-quality green tea, particularly from Tân Cương Commune [1].
• In 1959, it became the location of Vietnam's first steel mill, the Thái Nguyên Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) [1].
• The city hosts a large and growing regional university complex, Thái Nguyên University (TNU) [1, 10].
• The official website for the city's government is thainguyencity.gov.vn [1].
• The main postal code for Thai Nguyen City is 250000 [8].

Thai Nguyen operates as a provincial city within the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, adhering to the country's centralized political system where the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) serves as the leading force [2, 3]. Local governance is structured through People's Councils and People's Committees. The People's Councils are representative bodies elected by the people, while the People's Committees are the executive organs responsible for state administration at the local level [3].

The province, including Thai Nguyen City, has undergone administrative reorganization to enhance governmental effectiveness and public service. This includes the merger of commune-level administrative units to ensure that "the government must be close to the people and for the people," prioritizing efficient management and public benefit [2]. These reforms aim to streamline the administrative apparatus and improve state management efficiency [2].

Thai Nguyen's economy is notably dynamic and has experienced significant growth, particularly driven by its industrial and manufacturing sectors. The city is internationally recognized for its high-quality green tea from Tân Cương Commune, with substantial domestic and international exports, including to Algeria, France, and Japan [1].

A cornerstone of the local economy is the metallurgical industry, stemming from the establishment of the Thái Nguyên Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) in 1959, leveraging local iron ore and coal resources. TISCO has evolved into a partially privatized joint-stock company, exporting steel to various countries [1]. Additionally, the presence of Samsung Electronics' largest mobile phone factory in Thai Nguyen, employing over 60,000 people, has dramatically boosted the province's foreign direct investment and export figures, which surged tenfold to over US$23 billion between 2013 and 2017 [1].

Thai Nguyen City boasts a developing infrastructure crucial for its economic and social activities. The city is strategically located on the Cầu River and is connected to other major Vietnamese cities like Hanoi and Haiphong by road and rail [1, 12]. Its transportation network includes two railway lines; one connects to Hanoi, and another connects to Ha Long via Bắc Giang province, featuring both standard and mixed-gauge tracks for strategic purposes [1].

Beyond transportation, the city's infrastructure supports its industrial and agricultural sectors. The Núi Cốc reservoir, located west of the city, provides water for irrigation and powers a small hydroelectric station, contributing to the local energy supply [1]. The development of six industrial parks and plans for 35 industrial clusters further highlight the province's commitment to robust infrastructure for business and manufacturing [1].