Kota Kinabalu, commonly known as KK, is the state capital of Sabah, Malaysia, located on the island of Borneo. Formerly named Jesselton, it was renamed in 1968 after Mount Kinabalu and officially granted city status on February 2, 2000 [1]. The city lies along the northwest coast of Borneo, facing the South China Sea, with the Crocker Range to its east and the islands of Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park to its west [2].

As the primary urban center in Sabah, Kota Kinabalu serves as a crucial hub for political, economic, and tourism activities. It is a major gateway for travelers visiting the diverse attractions of Sabah and Borneo, ranging from pristine islands and beaches to the towering Mount Kinabalu [2]. The city's strategic location and rapid development have made it one of the fastest-growing cities in Malaysia [2].

• Kota Kinabalu gained city status on February 2, 2000 [1].
• The city's population was recorded as 500,421 in the 2020 Census [1].
• The total area of Kota Kinabalu is 351 square kilometers (136 square miles) [3].
• It operates on Malaysia Time (MYT), with an offset of UTC+08:00 [4].
• The city is administered by the Kota Kinabalu City Hall (Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu) [1].
• Kota Kinabalu is approximately 1,624 kilometers (1,009 miles) from Kuala Lumpur in Peninsular Malaysia [2].
• The five islands forming Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park are located just off the city's coast [2].

Kota Kinabalu is governed by the Kota Kinabalu City Hall (Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu), which oversees the administration of the city district. The city achieved municipal status in 1979 before being upgraded to city status in 2000 [1]. The city serves as the seat of the Sabah state government, housing most of its ministries and agencies, as well as many Malaysian federal government departments [2].

The Sabah State Legislative Assembly is situated nearby at Likas Bay, playing a significant role in the state's political landscape [2]. The administrative structure ensures that Kota Kinabalu functions effectively as the capital, managing various public services and urban development initiatives for the benefit of its residents and the broader state of Sabah [1, 2].

Kota Kinabalu stands as the main industrial and commercial center for Sabah, with its economy increasingly shifting towards the tertiary sector, largely driven by a booming tourism industry [2]. Historically, the secondary sector played a more dominant role, but urbanization and economic development have led to its gradual diminishing importance [2].

The city hosts headquarters or branches of numerous state-level, national-level, and international commercial banks, along with several insurance companies [2]. Industrial and manufacturing plants are concentrated in areas like Likas, Kolombong, and Inanam. The ongoing development of the Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park (KKIP) in Sepanggar aims to further stimulate industrial and commercial activities, solidifying Kota Kinabalu's position as a major growth center in East Malaysia and the BIMP-EAGA (Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area) region [2].

Kota Kinabalu boasts a well-developed infrastructure that supports its role as a regional capital and tourist destination. The internal road network, largely maintained by the state's Public Works Department, includes major dual-carriageways that connect various parts of the city and its surrounding districts, forming an almost complete ring road [2]. Highways further link Kota Kinabalu to other towns across Sabah, mainly federal roads overseen by the national Public Works Department [2].

Public transportation within the city is facilitated by regular bus services and minibuses/vans. There are two main bus terminals in the city center for internal and intercity routes, complemented by the North Kota Kinabalu Bus Terminal for destinations north and north-east [2]. The Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA) serves as a major air hub, connecting the city to domestic and international destinations [2]. Maritime infrastructure includes Kota Kinabalu Port for general cargo and Sepanggar Bay Container Port, which also functions as a naval base and oil depot. The Jesselton Point ferry terminal provides services to nearby islands and Labuan [2].