Kharagpur (Bengali: খড়্গপুর) is a semi-planned urban agglomeration and a significant industrial city situated in the Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. It serves as the administrative headquarters of the Kharagpur subdivision and holds the distinction of being the largest city within its district. Located approximately 120 km west of Kolkata, Kharagpur is internationally recognized for hosting the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, which was the first and remains one of the largest Institutes of National Importance established in India [1, 2].

The city's development is deeply intertwined with its railway heritage, as it is home to one of India's most extensive railway workshops and Kharagpur Junction, which features the world's fourth-longest railway platform [1]. Historically, Kharagpur was part of the ancient Hijli Kingdom. Its transformation into a prominent urban center began with the establishment of the railway by the British in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, facilitating its growth as a crucial rail junction and industrial hub in Eastern India [1, 2].

• As of 2025, Kharagpur's estimated population is 351,911 [1].
• The total area of Kharagpur is 127 km² (49 sq mi) [1].
• The city operates under Indian Standard Time (IST), with a UTC offset of +05:30 [1].
• The primary spoken language in Kharagpur is Bengali, alongside other common languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Odia, Telugu, and Punjabi [1].
• Kharagpur's effective literacy rate for the 7+ population was 85.61% as per the 2011 India census, exceeding the national average [1].
• Kharagpur Junction Railway Station boasts the world's fourth-longest railway platform, measuring 1072.5 meters [1].
• The city is a significant industrial center, hosting major plants from companies like Tata Metaliks, Siemens, Godrej, and Indian Oil [1].
• Kharagpur is part of two planned economic corridors, EC-1 Mumbai-Kolkata and EC-14 Kharagpur-Siliguri, under the Bharatmala project [1].
• The postal codes for Kharagpur range from 721301 to 721305 [1].

Kharagpur's civic affairs are managed by the Kharagpur Municipality, a body responsible for the town's day-to-day administration. There are ongoing discussions and proposals to upgrade the municipality to a Municipal Corporation, which would involve incorporating the railway area into its jurisdiction [1]. Currently, civic amenities within the railway settlement fall under the responsibility of the Divisional Railway Manager of the Kharagpur Division, who oversees railway establishments in the area [1].

Law enforcement in Kharagpur is divided, with the Kharagpur (Town) police station having jurisdiction over the municipality. Additionally, the Kharagpur (Local) police station covers the Kharagpur I and Kharagpur II Community Development Blocks. The state government is also exploring the establishment of a separate police commissionerate in Kharagpur to enhance security in this expanding region [1].

Kharagpur is recognized as one of West Bengal's significant industrial centers, with a concentration of large industrial plants in and around the city. This industrial growth is largely attributed to its strategic proximity to Kolkata, robust rail and road connectivity via National Highways 6 and 60, and the availability of both labor and raw materials [1]. Key establishments operating in the area include major players such as Tata Metaliks, Tata Bearings, Shyam Metallics, Siemens, Godrej, Tata Hitachi, Humboldt Wedag, Ramco Cements, Grasim Industries, Indian Oil, Keventer Agro, and Mahindra & Mahindra [1].

Beyond these large enterprises, numerous small iron rolling mills and rice mills contribute to the local economy. The Vidyasagar Industrial Park further supports industrial development in Kharagpur, and there are plans underway for the establishment of an IT park [1]. Future economic growth is also anticipated through Kharagpur's inclusion in two new economic corridors, EC-1 Mumbai-Kolkata and EC-14 Kharagpur-Siliguri, under the Bharatmala project. The government has also expressed intentions to establish a civilian airport in the city, which could further boost its economic landscape [1].

Kharagpur possesses a comprehensive infrastructure, particularly in its transportation and civic amenities. The city is a vital railway hub, with the first railway establishment dating back to December 1898. Kharagpur Junction is a major railway station and serves as the headquarters of the South Eastern Railways' Kharagpur Division. It is famously known for having the world's fourth-longest railway platform, measuring 1072.5 meters, and utilizes Asia's largest railway Solid State Interlocking (SSI) system [1]. Future railway plans include an East Coast Dedicated Freight Corridor connecting Kharagpur to Vijayawada [1]. The city also benefits from good road connectivity via National Highways 6 and 60 [1].

The campus of the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, a significant part of the city, is nearly self-sufficient, providing its residents with six guest houses, a civic hospital, four nationalized banks, and four schools [3]. Essential services like a water pumping station, electrical sub-station, and telephone exchange are also available within the campus. Ongoing construction projects include an additional guest house and a convention center with a 2,000-seat capacity, reflecting continuous development in the city's infrastructure [3].