Kangar, the capital and largest town in the Malaysian state of Perlis, holds a significant position as the smallest state capital in the country. Situated in the northernmost tip of Peninsular Malaysia, it lies strategically close to the Thailand border and is traversed by the Perlis River [1, 2]. The town's history dates back to 1653 with the establishment of Kota Sena, serving as an administrative hub for the Kedah Sultanate. Its name is believed to originate from the 'Pohon Kangar' tree, a historical meeting point for traders, signifying its long-standing role as a commercial center [1].

Today, Kangar continues to be an important economic driver for the region. It is a major gathering and processing center for paddy rice, reflecting the agricultural backbone of its surrounding district [1, 2]. Beyond agriculture, Kangar's economy is diversified with key industries that include cement production, saw milling, rubber processing, paper manufacturing, and the preparation of sugar and prawns [1, 2]. The town's municipal government, the Kangar Municipal Council, also extends its administrative purview to the neighboring communities of Arau and Kaki Bukit, highlighting its central role in regional governance and development [1, 2].

• Capital City: Kangar is the capital city of Perlis, Malaysia [1].
• Smallest State Capital: It holds the distinction of being the smallest state capital in Malaysia [1].
• Population (2025 estimate): Approximately 63,869 people [3].
• Total Area: 29.84 km² (11.52 mi²) [1, 2].
• Geographic Location: Located in the northernmost tip of Peninsular Malaysia, adjacent to the Thailand border and along the Perlis River [1, 2].
• Key Industries: Major industries include cement, saw milling, rubber, paper, and the processing of sugar and prawns [1, 2].
• Main Ethnic Groups (2010): Malay (62.23%), Chinese (30.54%), Indian (4.73%) [1].
• Official Website: The official municipal website is mpkangar.gov.my [4].

Kangar is governed by the Kangar Municipal Council (Majlis Perbandaran Kangar), which was formally established on January 1, 1980. This establishment was part of a larger restructuring effort aimed at unifying various local authorities within Perlis to enhance administrative efficiency and service delivery [1, 5]. The Municipal Council operates under several key legislative frameworks, including the Local Government Act 1976 (Act 171), the Town and Rural Planning Act 1972 (Act 172), and the Drainage and Building Act 1974 (Act 133) [6].

These acts delineate the Council's extensive responsibilities, which encompass the management of financial affairs, urban planning, and the regulation of land and building development within its administrative area [6]. Furthermore, the Council is tasked with overseeing drainage systems, road construction, and setting rules for various development activities [6]. Unlike many other countries, local councilors in Malaysia, including Kangar, are appointed by the respective state government rather than being elected, reflecting a centralized approach to local governance [7].

Kangar's economy is significantly shaped by its agricultural sector, particularly its role as a prominent center for paddy rice cultivation and processing in the surrounding district [1, 2]. This agricultural foundation supports a large segment of its population, many of whom are engaged as farmers [1]. Beyond agriculture, the town has developed a diversified industrial base. Key industries contributing to Kangar's economic output include the production of cement, saw milling, rubber processing, and the manufacturing of paper [1, 2].

The town also plays a vital role in the food processing sector, particularly in the handling of sugar and prawns [1, 2]. Historically, Kangar's economic significance can be traced back to its origins as a 'land port' or _pengkalan_ in 1653, a bustling trading hub where merchants converged to conduct business under the shade of the 'Pohon Kangar' tree [1]. This historical legacy continues to influence its commercial identity as the main commercial capital of Perlis [5].

Kangar's infrastructure is built around its geographical features and historical development, with the Perlis River serving as a central element. The town is strategically located along this river, historically functioning as a vital 'land port' for trade and transportation [1, 2]. The downtown area of Kangar presents a blend of traditional shophouses and more modern structures, alongside notable colonial buildings and a clocktower dating back to the 1930s, reflecting its rich heritage [1].

Key public and civic infrastructures include the Perlis State Library, a central hub for knowledge, and the Tuanku Syed Putra Stadium, a significant venue for sports and community events [1]. The municipal government is responsible for various infrastructural aspects, including the planning and maintenance of drainage systems, road construction, and ensuring compliance with building regulations across its extended administrative area [6]. The comprehensive coverage of the Kangar Municipal Council's operational area, which now includes nearly all of Perlis State (excluding Reserved Forests), underscores a unified approach to infrastructure development and urban planning across the region [5].