Ipoh, the capital city of the Malaysian state of Perak, is geographically located on the Kinta River, approximately 200 km (120 miles) north of Kuala Lumpur and 150 km (93 miles) southeast of George Town, Penang [1]. The city is celebrated for its distinctive British colonial-era architecture, a vibrant food scene, and the unique natural beauty of its surrounding limestone hills, which house numerous ancient cave temples [1, 2]. These features have significantly boosted Ipoh's standing as an international tourist destination in recent years [1].

Once a prominent global center for the tin mining industry, Ipoh experienced a considerable decline following the collapse of tin prices in the 1970s. This led to a period of economic stagnation and outward migration of its urban population seeking opportunities elsewhere in Malaysia [1]. Despite these challenges, Ipoh has successfully revitalized itself, transforming into a beloved destination that combines its rich historical past with picturesque natural landscapes, offering visitors a blend of peaceful and adventurous experiences [2].

• Ipoh's population, according to the 2020 census, is 759,952, making it the ninth-largest city in Malaysia by population and the fourth most populous state capital [1].
• The total area of Ipoh spans 643 km² (248 mi²) [1].
• The city operates under the Malaysia Standard Time (MST), which is UTC+08:00 [1].
• Ipoh is nestled within the karstic Kinta Valley, characterized by surrounding limestone hills known as mogotes [1].
• It experiences a tropical rainforest climate, with an average annual temperature of 28 °C (82 °F) and high yearly precipitation averaging 2,897.0 mm (114.06 in) [1].
• Ipoh was officially declared a city on May 27, 1988 [1].

Ipoh is governed by the Ipoh City Council, a municipal body responsible for the city's administration. The current mayor of Ipoh, Datuk Rumaizi Baharin, was appointed in April 2020, leading the city's governmental functions [1]. As the capital of Perak, Ipoh serves as a pivotal center for administration, commerce, sports, finance, politics, religion, and education within the state [3].

For parliamentary representation, Ipoh is divided into two constituencies: Ipoh Barat (Ipoh West) and Ipoh Timor (Ipoh East) [1]. The governance structure reflects a commitment to public service and progress, with the city council overseeing daily operations and development initiatives to ensure efficient urban management and public services for its residents [1, 3].

Historically, Ipoh's economy was robustly built upon its tin mining industry, making it one of the wealthiest cities in Malaysia and Southeast Asia during the peak of tin production. However, the global collapse of tin prices in the 1980s significantly impacted the city, leading to a period of economic decline [1]. Despite this setback, Ipoh has diversified its economic base and experienced renewed growth, with tourism now serving as a major contributor to its economy [1].

The city hosts the headquarters of several large multinational corporations, including Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad (a major palm oil company), Batu Kawan Berhad (an investment company), Hovid Berhad (a prominent pharmaceutical company), and Old Town White Coffee (a food and beverage giant). Additionally, foreign multinational companies such as Finisar, Voith, ITL Asia Pacific, and Sagami Manufacturers have their Malaysian headquarters in Ipoh, indicating a varied and evolving economic landscape [1].

Ipoh is served by a comprehensive transportation network that facilitates connectivity within the city and to other major Malaysian centers. Road infrastructure includes the old interstate Federal Route 1 and the modern North–South Expressway, offering efficient travel north to cities like Alor Setar and Penang, and south to Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru [1]. The city adheres to left-hand traffic rules and features a dual carriageway road system [4].

The Ipoh railway station, a historic British-built structure, is a crucial hub on Keretapi Tanah Melayu's West Coast Line, providing Electric Train System (ETS) services that significantly reduce travel time to Kuala Lumpur. For public transport within the city, PerakTransit operates under the BAS.MY Ipoh brand, while inter-city buses depart from the Amanjaya Integrated Bus Terminal [1]. Air travel is supported by Sultan Azlan Shah Airport, offering domestic and international flights, further enhancing Ipoh's accessibility [1]. The state government also continues to invest heavily in infrastructure projects, with substantial allocations for road upgrades and expansions [4].